Paranoid schizophrenia8/3/2023 ![]() ![]() Further analyses revealed that incorrect attributions of mental states including the attribution of threatening intentions to others, non-interpretative responses and incomplete answers, depending on the test of ToM. The deficits related to the attribution of cognitive and affective states to others inferred from available verbal and non-verbal information. Further analyses hint at two dimensions although a single factor with the same variance and the same contributing weights in both groups could explain the results. The results confirmed that there was little difference in specificity of three of the tests in distinguishing between the clinical and non-clinical group, but there were important differences in the shared variance between the tests. Given the differences in clinical samples and results between studies, and considering the wide range of what is considered to constitute ToM, one must ask if there a core function, or is ToM multifaceted with dissociable facets? If, there are dissociable dimensions or facets, which are affected in patients with paranoid schizophrenia? To answer these questions, a group of 21 individuals diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and 29 non-clinical control subjects, were tested on a battery of five different measures of ToM. Social cognitive psychologists ( Frith, 1992 Hardy-Baylé et al., 2003) sought to explain the social problems and clarify the clinical picture of schizophrenia by proposing a model that relates many of the symptoms to a problem of metarepresentation, i.e., theory of mind (ToM). ![]() 4Centre de Recherche Fernand Séguin de l’Hôpital Louis-H.3Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, Montréal, QC, Canada.2Institut des Sciences Cognitives, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.1Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. ![]() Symptoms meet the general conditions for a diagnosis but do not fit into any of the above categories. People with cenesthopathic schizophrenia experience unusual bodily sensations. Negative symptoms (such as slow movement, poor memory, lack of concentration and poor hygiene) are most prominent early and worsen, while positive symptoms (such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganised thinking) are rarely experienced. Simple schizophrenia is rarely diagnosed in the UK. ![]() You may be diagnosed with residual schizophrenia if you have a history of psychosis, but only experience the negative symptoms (such as slow movement, poor memory, lack of concentration and poor hygiene). Your diagnosis may have some signs of paranoid, hebephrenic or catatonic schizophrenia, but it doesn’t obviously fit into one of these types alone. You may not talk much, and you may mimic other’s speech and movement. You may often switch between being very active or very still. This is the rarest schizophrenia diagnosis, characterised by unusual, limited and sudden movements. People living with disorganised schizophrenia often show little or no emotions in their facial expressions, voice tone, or mannerisms. You may have disorganised speech patterns and others may find it difficult to understand you. Symptoms include disorganised behaviours and thoughts, alongside short-lasting delusions and hallucinations. Hebephrenic schizophreniaĪlso known as ‘disorganised schizophrenia’, this type of schizophrenia typically develops when you’re 15-25 years old. Symptoms include hallucinations and/or delusions, but your speech and emotions may not be affected. It may develop later in life than other forms. This is the most common type of schizophrenia. There are several types of schizophrenia. ![]()
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